Kungani ukushintshwa kwensimbi engagqwali okukodwa okusebenzisa i-FCAW kwehluleka njalo ukuhlolwa? UDavid Meyer noRob Koltz bahlolisisa izizathu zalokhu kwehluleka. I-Getty Images
U: Silungisa izikrufu zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe ohlelweni lomshini wokomisa endaweni emanzi. Ama-weld ethu ahlulekile ukuhlolwa ngenxa yokubhoboka, ukunqunywa okungaphansi kanye nama-weld aqhekekile. Sixhuma i-A514 ku-A36 sisebenzisa ububanzi obungu-0.045″, konke kusendaweni, igesi engu-309L ehlanganisiwe, i-75% Argon/25% Carbon Dioxide gas ukuze kube nokumelana okungcono nokuguguleka.
Sizame ama-electrode ensimbi yekhabhoni, kodwa ama-weld aguga ngokushesha kakhulu futhi sathola ukuthi insimbi engagqwali isebenza kangcono. Zonke i-weld zenziwa endaweni eyisicaba, 3/8 intshi. Ngenxa yemingcele yesikhathi, zonke i-weld zenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Yini engabangela ukuthi ama-weld ethu ahluleke?
Ukusikwa okungaphansi komkhawulo kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yamapharamitha okushisela angacacisiwe, indlela yokushisela engafanele, noma kokubili. Asikwazi ukuphawula ngamapharamitha okushisela ngoba asiwazi. Ukusikwa okungaphansi komkhawulo okwenzeka ku-1F kuvame ukubangelwa ukusebenza ngokweqile kwedama lokushisela noma isivinini sokuhamba esisheshayo noma esihamba kancane kakhulu.
Njengoba umshiseli ezama ukufaka u-3/8″. Amathuba okuphatha ithoshi ngokweqile angase abe nomthelela othile ekushiseni i-fillet eyodwa ngentambo encane enobubanzi obuncane. Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi isebenzisa ithuluzi elingalungile emsebenzini kunenkinga yobuchwepheshe, yingakho.
Ukubhoboka kubangelwa ukungcola okuku-weld, ukulahleka noma ukweqisa kwegesi yokuvikela, noma ukumuncwa komswakama okweqile kwentambo ene-flux-core. Usho ukuthi lokhu kuwumsebenzi wokulungisa ezindaweni ezimanzi ngaphakathi komshini wokomisa, ngakho-ke uma ukubhoboka kungahlanzwa kahle, lokhu kungaba yimbangela eyinhloko yale migodi.
Insimbi yokugcwalisa oyisebenzisayo iyintambo egobile ejikelezayo, lezi zinhlobo zezintambo zinesistimu ye-slag eqandisa ngokushesha. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukusekela ichibi lokushisela lapho ushisela phezulu noma ngaphezulu. Ububi be-slag eqandisa ngokushesha ukuthi iyaqina ngaphambi kwechibi lokushisela ngaphansi kwalo. Uma amagesi esakhishwa, avame ukubambeka bese ebonakala kamuva ngesimo semihubhe noma imigwaqo yezikelemu. Lokhu kwandiswa lapho ushisela endaweni eyisicaba ngentambo encane enobubanzi bese uzama ukufaka i-weld enkulu endaweni eyodwa, njengasesicelweni sakho.
Ukuqhekeka kwe-weld ekuqaleni nasekumisweni kwe-weld kungabangelwa yizizathu eziningana. Njengoba ubeka ubuhlalu obukhulu obunocingo oluncane olunobubanzi, cishe ngeke uhlangane ngokwanele (i-LOF) empandeni ye-weld. Ukuqhekeka kwe-weld kuyinto evamile ngenxa yokucindezeleka okuphezulu kwe-weld okusele kanye ne-LOF empandeni.
Kulolu sayizi wentambo, kufanele usebenzise amaphasi amabili noma amathathu ukuqedela u-3/8 we-intshi. Ukushisela amafillet, akekho. Ungase ukuthole kushesha ukwenza ukushisela okuthathu okungenasici kunokwenza ukushisela okukodwa okunephutha bese kudingeka ukukulungisa.
Kodwa-ke, enye inkinga engadlala indima enkulu ekuqhekekeni kwe-weld yizinga elingalungile le-ferrite ku-weld, okuvame ukuba yimbangela enkulu yokuqhekeka. Intambo engu-309L yaklanywa ukuze ihlanganiswe insimbi engagqwali ne-carbon steel kune-carbon steel ne-carbon steel. I-weld chemistry ethile yalo mkhiqizo ibheka nokuxuba insimbi eyisisekelo kuzo zombili izinsimbi eziyisisekelo. Ngakho-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi engagqwali ne-carbon, ezinye izinhlobo ze-alloys ezithathwe ensimbi engagqwali zisiza ukulinganisela ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali futhi zikhiqize inani elamukelekayo le-ferrite. Ukusebenzisa insimbi yokugcwalisa ene-ferrite engaba ngu-50%, njenge-312 noma i-2209, kuzosusa amathuba okuqhekeka ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-ferrite.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka ukushisela ijoyinti nge-electrode ejwayelekile yekhabhoni noma yensimbi engagqwali bese ufaka ungqimba lwe-electrode ephezu kwayo. Kodwa-ke, ushilo ukuthi ubungaphansi kwemingcele yesikhathi emfushane kakhulu nokuthi noma yisiphi isimo sokushisela esidlula ama-multipass sasingenakwenzeka.
Zama ukuguqula ucingo olunobubanzi obukhulu, njenge-intshi engu-1/16 noma ngaphezulu. Ukusebenzisa ucingo olunomgogodla we-flux oluvikelwe ngegesi kungcono ngoba luhlinzeka ngokuhlanza okungcono kwe-weld kanye nokuvikelwa okungcono kokugeleza komoya kunezintambo ezingenamgogodla we-flux. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sentambo enendawo yonke, ucingo oluyisicaba noluvundlile kuphela olunganciphisa ukubhoboka noma ukulandelela izikelemu. Kufanele futhi ushintshe insimbi yokugcwalisa kusuka ku-309L iye ku-312 noma ku-2209.
I-WELDER, eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-Practical Welding Today, ibonisa abantu bangempela abenza imikhiqizo esiyisebenzisayo nesisebenza ngayo nsuku zonke. Lo magazini ukhonze umphakathi wokushisela eNyakatho Melika iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
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